Vestiges of Hal in Shakespeares Henry V - Literature Essay Samples

Vestiges of Hal in Shakespeares Henry Vby, AnonymousOctober 17, 2004Over the course of Shakespeares Henry IV and Henry V plays, the character of Henry V evolves from a reckless youth to a great King and revered hero. In 1 Henry IV the Prince confides to the audience that his irresponsible behavior is a sham that he means to throw off when he becomes king, so that his miraculous transformation will lend the public persona he unveils as King all the more glory and wonder. Henrys development as he evolves from Prince Hal to King Henry V of England is significant, but not complete. Despite the seeming perfection of his deportment and courtly manners, traces of the disreputable Prince Hal still emerge in King Henrys behavior, particularly when he is in stressful or emotional situations. Henry V seems to be prone to using deceit when it is the easiest way to obtain a goal, liable to play mean-spirited pranks when the fancy strikes him and susceptible to making rash decisions when angered. These faults indicate that while Henry has taken on a more kingly persona, this self is not as different from Prince Hal as he had intended.The first of Henrys flaws to which readers are introduced is the Kings tendency to make unwise choices when influenced by anger. In a conference with his advisors at the beginning of the play, Henry debates the validity of his claim to the throne of France. He asks Canterbury if Englands claim to France is strong enough to go to war over with the strict injunction to tell the truth, because never two such kingdoms did contend without much fall of blood, whose guiltless drops are every one a woe (I.ii.24-6). King Henry tells Canterbury that war must only be waged for just and valid reasons, since it makes such waste in brief mortality (I.ii.28). The King gives the impression of a man who values human life greatly and appreciates the sacrifices that are inescapable in any war. He and his advisors are still in discussion when a messenger from the Dauphin arrives, bearing a gift from France. King Henry is gracious until the gift is opened to reveal a taunt: a cache of tennis balls. Incensed by the implied insult, Henry flies into a speech detailing the different ways that he is going to make the Dauphin regret his disrespect. He swears that, many a thousand widows shall this mock mock out of their dear husbands; mock mothers from their sons, mock castles down (I.ii.283-6). This tirade continues to promise violence of the very kind that Henry was cautioning Canterbury against moments before. The Dauphins insulting gift of tennis balls provokes Henry into such anger that he appears to forget the reservations he previously held about war in the face of his desire to punish the Dauphin. He instructs the messenger, Tell the Dauphin I am coming on to venge me as I may (I.ii.291-2). After Henry receives the tennis balls, the war on France ceases to be primarily about succession and instead takes on the cast of a personal revenge crusade.Henrys tendency towards irrationality when angry is evident again later on in the war, near the conclusion of the battle of Agincourt. At one point, French soldiers slip through the guard around the English camp and murder the boys sequestered away from the fighting. The King is furious, and immediately orders the death of every French soldier taken captive. Well cut the throats of those we have, he proclaims, and not a man of them that we shall take shall taste our mercy (IV.vii.63-5).Henry also makes injudicious choices when he is not in the throes of anger. He has a propensity, for example, for using deceit to accomplish his political goals. The first appearance of this tendency towards underhandedness is in Act II, scene ii, when Henry confronts three noblemen discovered to be plotting against him: Richard, Earl of Cambridge; Henry, Lord Scrope of Masham; and Sir Thomas Grey of Northumberland. Instead of directly accusing the traitors, the King maneuvers them into con demning themselves by asking their opinion on how to punish a wrongdoer apprehended of drunkenness the day before. After the three men recommend harsh punishments for the prisoner, Henry hands each of them documents revealing his knowledge of their intended treachery. As the traitors read the papers that are, in effect, death warrants, Henry teases them, asking, What see you in those papers that you lose so much complexion?. . .Why, what read you there that have so cowarded and chasd your blood out of appearance? (II.ii.73-76). The sarcastic tone of these comments reveals Henrys true pleasure in the deceptiveness of the indirect confrontation that he has planned. The scheme continues as Henry rebuffs the mens pleas for mercy by referencing their condemnation of the drunkard discussed earlier in the scene. He tells them that the mercy that was quick in us but late, by your own counsel is suppressd and killd (II.ii.79-80). Because the King had concrete evidence of the three mens in tended treason, they were, without question, headed for execution. Henry feels personally betrayed, so he goes beyond simply condemning the traitors to death by presenting the sentence in a manner that makes the three men feel as though they have sentenced themselves.In Act III, scene iii, Henry exercises his skills in creative oratory to win the French town of Harfleur. After a time of fierce fighting, the town calls a parley to negotiate and King Henry delivers a fiery speech riddled with violent threats. He compares his troops to wild beasts beyond his control and prophesies that if Harfleur does not surrender unconditionally the men of the town will have to witness the blind and bloody soldier with foul hand defile the locks of your shrill-shrieking daughters; your fathers taken by their silver beards, and their most reverend heads dashd to the walls, your naked infants spitted upon pikes, whiles the mad mothers with their howls confusd do break the clouds (III.iii.33-41). H enrys words communicate complete seriousness with intent to follow through, but his later actions contradict the brutality he preaches in the parley. When Bardolpha soldier, and one of Henrys old tavern friendssteals from a church along the march, Henry orders him hung because when [lenity] and cruelty play for a kingdom, the gentler gangster is the soonest winner (III.vii.112-3). These sentiments suggest that Henry wishes to avoid unnecessarily alienating the French people, a very politic move for a King who hopes to become ruler of France. The facts of the situation in France, as well as the later evidence of Henrys punishment of Bardolph, indicate that the threats Henry issued outside Harfleur were never more than bluffs. The speech, although dishonest, proves to be an effective strategy to take the town without further bloodshed.On one occasion, King Henry practices deceit for reasons that in no way benefit England or the pursuit of justice, but simply for his own amusement. The evening before the battle of Agincourt, Henry dons a disguise and wanders among his own troops as an anonymous soldier, mingling with the men and assessing morale. At one point, Henry becomes involved in a discussion with several men about the culpability of the King in the fate of his soldiers souls. One soldier, a man named Williams, disagrees so vehemently with Henry that the two men come close to blows. Henry proposes a temporary compromise, Give me any gage of thine, and I will wear it in my bonnet; then if ever thou darst acknowledge it, I will make good my quarrell (IV.i.207-10). The two exchange gloves, and plan to resolve their argument later, if they both survive. After the battle, King Henry encounters Williams and inquires why the soldier is wearing a glove on his bonnet, without revealing that Henry himself was the mysterious soldier. The King encourages Williams to find the man who quarreled with him and keep thy vow, sirrah, when thee meetst the fellow (IV.vii.1 44-5). After Williams leaves, Henry summons Fluellen, one of the captains. Henry gives Fluellen his glove and asks the captain to wear it as a favor. He then tells Fluellen, when Alanson and myself were down together, I pluckd this glove from his helm. If any man challenge this, he is a friend to Alanson, and an enemy to our person (IV.vii=2E153-7). With this story planted to ensure that Fluellen will fight anyone who challenges the glove, Henry sends Fluellen over to where Williams is, and invites Exeter, Lord Warwick and Glouster to watch events unfold for their entertainment.The entire incident is purposeless and unproductivethere is no reason behind it except Henrys amusement at the prospect of maneuvering two strangers into fighting each other for a nonexistent cause. Henry does not let the joke carry so far as to allow either man to sustain injury, but does result in a fair amount of humiliation. After resolving the confusion, the King provides compensation for the two men he inconvenienced as if paying actors in a theater. Henrys actions display a lack of respect for men of lower rank; he manipulates Fluellen and Williams like puppets for his and the other nobles amusement.Although Prince Hal has made a credible effort to reform himself into a king, his metamorphosis is incomplete. The struggles and emotional tribulations of ruling a country strain the new image that King Henry tries to present, and allow traits of the old Prince Hal to slip through. The war in France begins partly because Henry wants to have revenge on the Dauphin, and ends on an unnecessarily gory note sounded by the Kings order to slit the throat of every French prisoner. When Henry discovers three of his nobles are plotting against him, he confronts them through an elaborate and, for them, distressing scheme which ends with the traitors passing sentence on themselves. In France, when challenged at the siege of Harfleur, Henry terrifies the town into surrender through the deliver y of many harsh and unfounded threats. On the eve of battle, when his time would be better served strategizing, Henry instead picks a fight with one of his soldiers that later evolves into an extended practical joke at the expense of two strangers. These actions are more reminiscent of Henrys former life as a tavern rough than of his new life as King of England.

Global Warming Threating Lifes - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1004 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/03/14 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Global Warming Essay Did you like this example?   I have watched the movie The Day After Tomorrow and it shows us fictionally what could happen as the worst possibility if we keep ignoring global warming. Jack Hall is the main climatologist in the movie and he goes to U.N. officials to present his environmental concerns, but he was tossed aside by most of the people. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Global Warming Threating Lifes" essay for you Create order He said in the movie that â€Å"the government needed to start making long-term preparations now,† before it was too late. Then after they tossed him aside his research and all the estimations that he made came true. Later a massive â€Å"superstorm† developed setting off a chain of devastating natural disasters throughout the world. By the time anyone realized what was happening most everyone was dead, billions of lives and places in ruin. This movie sparked my interest because there are scientific facts and important people telling us that we are straining our resources and our environment. Yet we keep on throwing their concerns out the window, and that has real life consequences. Global warming is harmful to us and the environment and if we don’t start taking better care of the planet now then we will have big problems to face such as, more frequent and intense weather, higher sea levels, and wildlife extinction rates will continue to rise. Global warming has many consequences, one of which is causing more frequent and intense weather to occur. We all know or recognize that seasons and temperatures have changed since each of us were kids. I remember as a child that it would be fall September through November and then winter would come in December. Now it starts to get cold October through November and we have barely even had any of the fall season. Based on figure ones graph it shows that the average surface temperature for the whole globe has increase from the 1850’s through 2011. The graph states that there has been much more of an increase in the twentieth century. From that graph alone it shows us that the climate has changed and has gone up a lot since we first started taking weather and climate measurements. â€Å"The work of climatologists has found evidence to suggest that only a limited number of factors are primarily responsible for most of the past episodes of climate change on the earth. These factors include: Volcanic eruptions, Atmospheric carbon dioxide variations, and Variations in solar output.† (Patel et al.217). Studies have shown a link between carbon dioxide in the air and the mean of worldwide temperature. The efforts of scientists that study climate and weather have shown that a small quantity of factors are mainly accountable for most of the globes climate change events. Those factors are differences in solar output, differences in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and eruptions from volcanos. Admission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere is one of the leading causes of global warming. Over the past centuries we the people have noticed a spike in temperature and a difference in seasons. My cousin told me the other day that when you go to New York the air is so polluted that it fills like you are breathing through maple syrup, it is that thick. Another consequence of global warming is rising sea levels. Researchers started keeping records on how the climate was impacting the arctic ice over a century ago. â€Å"Near Prince Rupert, the ocean rose 12 cm between 1909 and 1999, and sea surface temperatures have risen as much as 1.8 degrees C off the coast. Some provincial glaciers have receded 1,100 metres in the past century.†(Pynn and Baglole 3). Most of the world’s ice from glaciers is found in two areas Antarctica and Greenland. Since we only have two beautiful places where glaciers are still found we should want to preserve the ice as much as possible. Sea levels are rising at a high percentage rate and the ice is melting. If we don’t reduce global climate change the ice and glaciers will keep melting and by the time we wake up the problem will be past solving. Thank of it this way, the more ice that melts the less space the world has for land. Water takes up more space than ice, so when the ice melts, the water will likely take up twice the space of the ice. â€Å"In 2005, the ice cap covering the Arctic Ocean shrank to its smallest size since researchers began keeping records a century ago.†(Lonny 24). Some people are asking if the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere will later own cause the ocean to turn acidic. The ocean has a pH of roughly 8.2 which means that it is alkaline. Alkaline means that something has a pH of 7 or higher. Logically since the earth’s oceans have never had acid in them since the beginning of time it stands to reason that acid shouldn’t be in them in the future. The ocean holds a lot more heat than the atmosphere, because of this ocean temperature is more vital than land temperature. Additionally, another consequence of global warming, that isn’t discussed a lot is wildlife extinction rates. Global warming is endangering a lot of different species around the globe. Endangered species most commonly affected by global warming are most commonly found near colder parts of the globe. We are using greenhouse gases, and in turn we are killing our environment and all the amazing, wonderful, and beautiful creatures that live there. If we don’t start to protect our environment and the animals that live there in the future, there won’t be anything to take our kids to see. There will not be any species left to admire and protect or any wildlife to capture the beauty of. We need to cherish and protect this beautiful earth that God created. â€Å"With the increase in global temperature, the glaciers of the poles melt at faster rate than ever. At this rate, the habitats for the polar bear, penguin, harp seal, snow goose etc are shrinking.†(Athena Information Solutions Pvt.Ltd. 1)

Observational Experience Why Do Usually People Eat Out...

OBSERVATIONAL EXPERIENCE Statutory warning: All the observatory views in my document are based on my attempt to understand the human dynamics. this observation is not a write-up to discourage any behavior of human or business. Any similarities are purely coincidental Background: Why do usually people eat out at a restaurant? Because people want to eat something different that they can’t cook or they want ones favorite dish to be cooked, want to party with friends, have a beautiful time with family out of house or just to break the monotony of eating at home. Such factors are leading to eat out at restaurants, but the standard choice of restaurant selection will be based on quality and customer service. Assignment: About half million Indian’s who live America dine at a full service Indian restaurant every day , as Indian cuisine is my favorite cuisine and being an Indian by my ethnicity has made me to choose this observation, moreover variety of foods offered today at such an diversified environment can give one a wide choice to choose from. What I am gping to do here is to express some of my observations and experiences about the human dynamics, food choices and how the food is eaten by people at an Indian Restaurant. Observation: I started my observation on19th of April Saturday at 6:00pm in a local Indian restaurant in the greater Dayton Area which continued over for an hour. During this observation I could say that I saw more than 40 people. 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Dream Interpretation Essay Example For Students

Dream Interpretation Essay December 7, 1999It Was Only a DreamShe awakens in the night, the visions from her mind still vivid. The dream was amazingly realistic. A long hallway stretched before her. Several doors lined the hallway, each with a padlock. A ring full of keys weighed heavily in her hand. What did it all mean? Did this hallway symbolize her life? The doors could have meant many things, possibly the choices she faces daily. As she drifts back to sleep, thoughts of the dream cloud her mind. She hopes to remember it in the morning and search for answers. The description of this woman could match any number of people. Years of research have produced findings that everyone dreams. While not everyone may remember his or her dreams, sleep studies have shown that each person does dream as he or she progresses through the stages of sleep. Whether or not these dreams contain any significant meaning for the dreamer is a source of arguments today, as well as in years past. An in depth study of dream interpreta tion will reveal the benefits of exploring the meanings behind dreams. To begin this study, it is helpful to first understand the different aspects of sleep. In Atkinsons Introduction to Psychology book, she states that sleep contains five stages, including four depths of sleep and a fifth stage, known as rapid eye movement (REM) (193). In various sleep studies, most adults go through all stages during their normal sleeping hours. While they drift from one stage of sleep to another, activity in the brain increases and decreases. However, this study is interested mostly in the fifth stage, REM sleep. Individuals incur a great amount of details during the course of any given day, including dates, places, times and people. During REM sleep, the brain creates a story line that allows this large volume of events to be stored and remembered in a coherent form, albeit at an unconscious level (Chopra 107). REM occurs at different times throughout an individuals time asleep, and consumes from thirty minutes up to two hours of an individuals non-waking moments. E very individual is subject to REM sleep, and some suffer from REM Sleep Disorder. The disorder involves a severe attachment to a persons dreams. Dotto reports that while sufferers consist mostly of men over fifty years of age, it can affect anyone. She also states that research has discovered that 60% of the disorder is due to aging, while 40% can be blamed on neurological problems (119). This disorder is no laughing matter. One case in England resulted in a man shooting his new bride to death while he was dreaming of being pursued by gangsters (Maas 161). The severity of this problem is treatable with medication; but sufferers are encouraged to sleep in protected surroundings, with no sharp objects in the room, and no open windows. With a better understanding of REM sleep, progression can be made toward the history of dreams and the study of their meanings. In Restful Sleep, Chopra relates that dreams were first believed to tell the future of entire communities (102). The Bible als o gives evidence of the importance to dreams. Joseph was told about Mary carrying the Christ child during a dream. At the beginning of recorded history, and for the millennia thereafter, dreams were considered divine messages in virtually every religious culture (Maguire 2). Thus, the importance of dreams to a vast array of cultures was made quite evident from a very early time. However, not everyone believes in the importance of dreams. Some scientists today attach almost no importance to dreams. They are only random thoughts drifting into our minds during sleep, no serious relationship to our waking life (Kavey 33). While some of the arguments presented may have validity, the benefits of dream study and interpretation far outweigh the possible conflicts these studies uncover. For instance, the Journal of Mental Health Counseling published a study concerning ways dream interpretation could benefit individuals with mental health disturbances. The elements of a dream should be examin ed in detail for two reasons. First, the dream is a symbolic depiction of something in the clients inner world. The second reason for exploration is that the dreamer often does not remember all of the dreams elements at its first telling (Barrineau). By delving into the contents and meanings of these dreams, the mental health professional may be able to better understand the patients underlying problem, thus allowing more appropriate and effective treatment. Additionally, exploring childrens dreams can be very beneficial when a child begins having problems in his or her daily life. Childrens dreams often hold clues to the same anxieties and insecurities that plague their parents (MacGregor 69). Children can gain approval of dream sharing when encouraged to do so by the adults they live with. In The Everything Dreams Book, MacGregor states If they live in households where dream sharing is simply a part of the family routine, theyll be more apt to remember and relate their dreams (69) . Therefore, parental encouragement is key to helping unlock the mysteries contained in a childs dream. Dream study can also give the counselor or parent a handle on what type of dreams the child is experiencing. For example, nightmares make up one element of dreams. A person suffering from a nightmare may wake up scared, experiencing heavy breathing and a racing heart. Chopra states this person will recall the dream in its entirety with a lot of detail. He also writes that themes are frequent in nightmares (109). Often, nightmare sufferers experience the feeling of pursuit, of falling, or of dying. Perhaps a person exposed to frequent nightmares will find a study in dream interpretation especially helpful as a start toward a smoother nights sleep. A person tormented with repeated nightmares may wish to end them because nightmares can influence how you feel and how you behave the following day (103). Thus, putting an end to the torment would be essential to that individuals well bei ng, both personally and professionally. Nightmare sufferers could benefit from the knowledge of how to begin exploring those dreams. History of Culinary Arts EssayLike the moon reflecting the sun, our dreams reflect our daylight life, but they also have an independent existence (Maguire 1). A persons dreams can reveal as little or as much as he or she would like, depending on how open that person is to exploring the subject matter contained in his or her dreams. Dream journals are an excellent beginning, even if detailed dream interpretation is not the desired goal. Participants of journalizing will be amazed at the themes and topics discovered after several nights. Learning what dreams mean is a daunting task, but well worth the effort for those interested in finding answers to questions raised by such dreams. Works CitedAtkinson, Rita et al. Hilgards Introduction to Psychology. Orlando: Harcourt Brace Company, 1996. Barrineau, Phil. A Re-examination of the Role of Dreams. Journal of Mental Health Counseling. 18 Oct 1999. http://search.inspire-indiana.net:8008/WebZ/FetchChopra, Deepak. M.D. Restful Sleep. New York: Crown Trade Paperbacks, 1994. Dream Basics. 15 Oct 1999. http://www.sleeps.com/basics.html Dotto, Lydia. Losing Sleep. New York: William Morrow Company, 1990. Johansen, Erin. CD-Rom Helps People Interpret Their Own Dreams. Business Journal (Phoenix). 24 April 1998. http://search.inspire-indiana.net:8008/webz/FETCHKavey, Neil B.M.D. 50 Ways to Sleep Better. Lincolnwood: Publications International, Ltd., 1995. Maas, Dr. James B. Power Sleep. New York: Villard Books, 1998. MacGregor, Trish and Rob MacGregor. The Everything Dreams Book. Holbrook: Adams Media Corporation, 1998. Maguire, Jack. Night and Day. New York: Roundtable Press, 1989. Moss, Robert. Conscious Dreaming. New York: Crown Trade Paperbacks, 1996. Parker, Julia and Derek Parker. Complete Book of Dreams. New York: Dorling Kindersly Publishing, 1995. Your Life. Are Dreams Trying To Tell Us Something? USA Today Magazine. 18 Oct 1999. http://search.inspire-indiana.net:8008/WebZ/Fetch Annotated BibliographyAtkinson, Rita et al. Hilgards Introduction to Psychology. Orlando: Harcourt Brace Company, 1996. The twelfth edition of a book originated by Ernest Hilgard, this text covers a multitude of topics on a preliminary level with a purpose to scratch the surface of several psychological issues. Barrineau, Phil. A Re-examination of the Role of Dreams. Journal of Mental Health Counseling. 18 Oct 1999. http://search.inspire-indiana.net:8008/WebZ/Fetch Phil Barrineau explores the benefits of dream interpretation for use in the mental health field. Chopra, Deepak. M.D. Restful Sleep. New York: Crown Trade Paperbacks, 1994. In this book, Dr. Deepak details a new program created to help readers get a good nights sleep. Dotto, Lydia. Losing Sleep. New York: William Morrow Company, 1990. Lydia Dotto describes the various benefits of sleep, as well as the problems that can occur with sleep deprivation. Johansen, Erin. CD-Rom Helps People Interpret Their Own Dreams. Business Journal (Phoenix). 24 April 1998. http://search.inspire-indiana.net:8008/webz/FETCH This site offers information about a CD-Rom available to anyone interested in trying to interpret his or her own dreams. Kavey, Neil B.M.D. 50 Ways to Sleep Better. Lincolnwood: Publications International, Ltd., 1995. Dr. Kavey outlines multiple tips on how to prevent sleep problems. He further explains how to cope with problems, should they arise. Maas, Dr. James B. Power Sleep. New York: Villard Books, 1998. In his book, Dr. Maas shares various ways to gain a sufficient amount of sleep. MacGregor, Trish and Rob. The Everything Dreams Book. Holbrook: Adams Media Corporation, 1998. Trish and Rob MacGregor present a comprehensive guide on how to incubate, recall and interpret dreams. Additionally, this book provides a glossary of symbols and common dream topics and themes. Maguire, Jack. Night and Day. New York: Roundtable Press, 1989. Author Jack MaguirePresents a complete program concerning how to use dreams to reach designated goalsand results. Moss, Robert. Conscious Dreaming. New York: Crown Trade Paperbacks, 1996. The author reveals a nine-step plan to understanding dreams, including ways to shape the dreamers future. He also details the use of a dream journal to tap into unknown resources. Parker, Julia. Derek. Complete Book of Dreams. New York: Dorling Kindersly Publishing, 1995. As the title describes, this book covers a broad spectrum of dream themes, including sample dreams. It also contains a dictionary of common dream symbols and their meanings. Your Life. Are Dreams Trying To Tell Us Something? USA Today Magazine. 18 Oct 1999. http://search.inspire-indiana.net:8008/WebZ/Fetch This magazine article gives a quick, surface-level guide to dream interpretation. Words/ Pages : 2,559 / 24

The implications of Dementia Essay Example For Students

The implications of Dementia Essay Dementia We will write a custom essay on The implications of Dementia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The problem- The term Dementia is used loosely to depict a scope of marks and symptoms which involves the progressive diminution in a personals mental abilities ; it is an issue faced by around eight hundred thousand people in the United Kingdom entirely. The ‘umbrella term’ Dementia is a consequence of harm caused to the encephalon by specific diseases such as Alzheimer’s, or a injury within the encephalon ; this so consequences in an extraordinary decease of encephalon cells. Once these encephalon cells begin to decease they can non be replaced and hence the encephalon begins to shrivel. This is called Brain Atrophy ; this is a progressive and on-going consequence to the encephalon that can non, at this present clip, be cured. There are many different marks and symptoms of the oncoming of Dementia these include ; memory loss, freak out, trouble with perceptual experience, trouble with cognitive thought, alterations in behavior and many more. Although these are the typical ma rks and symptoms of Dementia, no two patients’ enduring from Dementia will expose this in the same ways. Dementia is most normally found in people over the age of 60 five old ages old ; as Dementia is difficult to diagnosis a GP may mention patients to a Dementia specializer ; such as a brain doctor who would run a series of trials to find if Dementia is a likely diagnosing. One trial used is the Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) which assesses a scope of mental capacities such as long and short term memory, linguistic communication accomplishments and concentration degrees. Blood trials may besides be run to except any different conditions that might demo Dementia symptoms but non necessary consequence in Dementia. Once other conditions are ruled out encephalon scans are taken, to do the official diagnosing of Dementia. There as several encephalon scans that can be used, such as ; a Computerised Tomography ( CT ) scan which can assist give elaborate images of the encephalon and demo more information of shots, encephalon harm and other diseases. A Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI ) scan can besides be used to corroborate Dementia and the specific type of Dementia the patient may hold ; as an MRI scan clearly shows harm to any blood vass plus any Brain Atrophy. Different types of Dementia can be diagnosed and can ensue in different methods of interventions and medicine. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of Dementia, doing 55 % of all Dementias. Alzheimer’s leads to steel cell decease and tissue loss and shrinks the encephalon dramatically. The cerebral mantle shrivels up damaging countries of the encephalon that affect thought, administration and memory. Besides ventricles within the encephalon Begin to turn larger and plaques- unnatural bunchs of proteins- signifier between the nervus cells ; while deceasing nervus cells contain tangles which are caused by distorted strands of other proteins. All of these consequences in loss of encephalon map and activity. Fig 1. –A healthy encephalon activity V Alzheimer’s sick person encephalon activity. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.intmath.com/blog/learning/use-it-or-lose-it-5411 Vascular Disease is the 2nd highest cause of Dementia ; caused by an break of blood supply to the encephalon. Any signifier of break of blood flow to the encephalon, either a leak or a obstruction can do a shot, which so in bend causes harm to the specific portion of the encephalon that was starved of blood. Although one big shot can do symptoms of Dementia, several smaller shots can besides bit by bit develop marks of Dementia in a patient. However, Vascular Disease can besides be cause by a disease called Small Vessel Disease. ; this is when damaged is caused to the little vass in the encephalon. Dementia with Lewy Bodies, is the cause of four per centum of Dementia’s and is closely linked to Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases. Lewy Bodies are little parts of proteins that develop from inside nervus cells. They disrupt communicating, as they disturb the chemical messages that are sent between nervus cells. Lewy Bodies can impact any portion of the encephalon and are known to do hallucinations, deficiency of concentration and a diminution in physical abilities, likewise to those who suffer with Parkinson’s disease. .u2eb0e1928e71ebba12aca1a4ee1dc8bd , .u2eb0e1928e71ebba12aca1a4ee1dc8bd .postImageUrl , .u2eb0e1928e71ebba12aca1a4ee1dc8bd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2eb0e1928e71ebba12aca1a4ee1dc8bd , .u2eb0e1928e71ebba12aca1a4ee1dc8bd:hover , .u2eb0e1928e71ebba12aca1a4ee1dc8bd:visited , .u2eb0e1928e71ebba12aca1a4ee1dc8bd:active { border:0!important; } .u2eb0e1928e71ebba12aca1a4ee1dc8bd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2eb0e1928e71ebba12aca1a4ee1dc8bd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2eb0e1928e71ebba12aca1a4ee1dc8bd:active , .u2eb0e1928e71ebba12aca1a4ee1dc8bd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2eb0e1928e71ebba12aca1a4ee1dc8bd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2eb0e1928e71ebba12aca1a4ee1dc8bd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2eb0e1928e71ebba12aca1a4ee1dc8bd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2eb0e1928e71ebba12aca1a4ee1dc8bd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2eb0e1928e71ebba12aca1a4ee1dc8bd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2eb0e1928e71ebba12aca1a4ee1dc8bd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2eb0e1928e71ebba12aca1a4ee1dc8bd .u2eb0e1928e71ebba12aca1a4ee1dc8bd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2eb0e1928e71ebba12aca1a4ee1dc8bd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: THE FUTURE OF PUBLISHING EssayImplications- Deductions of Dementia chiefly include, fiscal, emotional and societal. Dementia costs ?26.3 million a twelvemonth ; that means that over ?30,000 a twelvemonth goes towards caring for an single patient ( as shown in figure two ) . Even though this big sum of money goes to each patient merely ?90 of it goes towards research, to enable farther apprehension of Dementia and its related diseases. This is needed in order to handle and better quality of life for patients with Dementia, intending that although research is being done it is non being funded significantly. Therefore these costs will go on to be a strong deduction of Dementia. In most instances two tierces of the costs fall on the patient or onto their loved 1s. Families tend to hold to offer non merely societal and emotional support but besides finicky support. Close relations such as partners or kids frequently become carers for their suffering household member ; burthening them with going full clip carers frequently around a full clip occupation and household. These people are unpaid, unaided and decidedly overworked. Research in 2013, by the Alzheimer’s Society ( Shown in figure three ) demoing it was worked out that 1,3,40,000,000 hours were spent looking after people with dementedness, this clearly shows the monolithic affect Dementia has on people’s lives. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.slideshare.net/Emergency-Live/as-downloadable-infographics Although, the fiscal loads must be noted, the greater deduction of a diagnosing of Dementia is the societal and emotional effects on the patient and their loved 1s. However, the strain on attention places and NHS wards get bying with patients with Dementia is great ; normally due to miss of staffing when these patients frequently need one on one attention. Many NHS trusts have attempted to foreground the immense effects of Dementia on life styles. Guy’s and Thomas’ NHS Trust foundation did this successfully through a series of six short movies called ‘Barbara, the whole story’ this follows an aged adult female acquiring diagnosed with Dementia, and show’s her agony from the symptoms. As the movie is done through her eyes, it is really affectional and inquiries the spectator on their personal behaviors towards those with Dementia and besides highlights the utmost hardships the patient and their households endure. This picture was shown to all staff at Guy’s and Thomas’ NHS Trust and have had a batch of positive responses to this from staff members: â€Å"Barbara’s Story is a powerful reminder of merely how of import everyone’s part is when it comes to making a safe and positive environment.† said one staff member. This picture has successfully highlighted the societal and emotional deductions of Dementia for the patient, household and care/ medical staff. Fig. 4- Barbara’s Story explained on the Trust web site. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.guysandstthomas.nhs.uk/education-and-training/staff-training/Barbaras-story.aspx Possible Solutions- There is no existent solution for Dementia, nevertheless there are exclusions to the regulation ; Dementia caused by vitamin and thyroid endocrine lacks. This can be corrected by addendums. Besides some Dementia’s caused by tumors or head hurt can be treated and corrected surgically, successfully halting marks of Dementia. Research has shown that although there is no remedy, bar of farther harm to the encephalon is advised. This means that the hazards factors should be controlled, these include ; high blood force per unit area, high cholesterin, smoke, diet and exercising and besides sing Diabetes, type one, is controlled. In order to forestall farther harm there are several medicines used that have shown to impact different phases of Dementia. Not all patients enduring with Dementia will have medicine as it depends on the badness and type of Dementia they are enduring with. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, is a medicine used to handle mild/ moderate Alzheimer’s, every bit good Lewy Bodies Dementia. It is a chemical that prevents the acetylcholinesterase enzyme from interrupting down acetylcholine, which increases both the degree and continuance of action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The function of acetylcholine in knowledge in the cardinal nervous system is to command memory and acquisition. This means that the symptoms of memory loss and deficiency of apprehension is reduced. This medicine is proven to besides be good at commanding hallucinations, and is used for patients with Parkinson’s every bit good as Dementia. Side effects include sickness and emesis but this is normally impermanent for the first few hebdomads. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can besides decelerate a patient’s bosom rate, so this would necessitate to be monitored. .uea76efd67b60787ff4a26d32f4f7eeba , .uea76efd67b60787ff4a26d32f4f7eeba .postImageUrl , .uea76efd67b60787ff4a26d32f4f7eeba .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uea76efd67b60787ff4a26d32f4f7eeba , .uea76efd67b60787ff4a26d32f4f7eeba:hover , .uea76efd67b60787ff4a26d32f4f7eeba:visited , .uea76efd67b60787ff4a26d32f4f7eeba:active { border:0!important; } .uea76efd67b60787ff4a26d32f4f7eeba .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uea76efd67b60787ff4a26d32f4f7eeba { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uea76efd67b60787ff4a26d32f4f7eeba:active , .uea76efd67b60787ff4a26d32f4f7eeba:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uea76efd67b60787ff4a26d32f4f7eeba .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uea76efd67b60787ff4a26d32f4f7eeba .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uea76efd67b60787ff4a26d32f4f7eeba .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uea76efd67b60787ff4a26d32f4f7eeba .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uea76efd67b60787ff4a26d32f4f7eeba:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uea76efd67b60787ff4a26d32f4f7eeba .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uea76efd67b60787ff4a26d32f4f7eeba .uea76efd67b60787ff4a26d32f4f7eeba-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uea76efd67b60787ff4a26d32f4f7eeba:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Edies life EssayAnother drug used in intervention of Alzheimer is Memantine hydrochloride. It was foremost produced in 1968 and is still seen as the most consequence intervention of moderate to function Alzheimer’s. This medicine blocks the effects of chemicals in the encephalon. One common symptom of Dementia is depression, as patients frequently feel entirely and scared. Therefore antidepressants are frequently prescribed as a method of intervention for this symptom. Another common symptom is a alteration in behavior. Therefore, major tranquilizers are sometimes used to assist command a patient with Dementia’s ; aggressive or disputing behavior. However major tranquilizers should merely be used short term and with careful consideration ; due to inauspicious side effects ; such as deterioration of other Dementia symptoms and cardiovascular diseases. Psychological methods of intervention are effectual with assisting patients and carers manage the symptoms of Dementia ; unluckily it does non decelerate down the patterned advance of Dementia. These methods focus on cognitive stimulations advancing encephalon activity, memory, job resolution and communicating. These vary from group activities and games, the Alzheimer’s Society offers ‘Singing for the brain’ within communities ( as shown in figure five ) ; where people with Dementia and their carers go to develop societal accomplishments, memory and to give them something to maintain them active and positive. Although there is no ‘solution’ for Dementia ; one of import bar and assistance to assisting those with Dementia is attention and support. As antecedently mentioned households and carers are put on greatly to socially, emotionally, physically and finically back up their loved 1. However, this love, support and attention can do the ultimate difference to how a individual copes with Dementia, particularly in the late phases when it is frequently alone and most confusing and terrorization. Fig. 5- A group at ‘Singing for the Brain’ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.alzheimerswiltshire.org.uk/services/singing/singing-for-the-brain.html Evaluation- Several medicines have found to cut down the symptoms of Dementia in its assorted phases of badness. However, no remedy or solution has yet been found and although the drugs are effectual they still have some major side effects. Such as Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, that in utmost fortunes can do bradycardia in patients. Whereas, other interventions such as major tranquilizers used to command a patients behavior can hold inauspicious side effects such as declining other symptoms of Dementia and can do cardiovascular diseases. This shows that even though this drugs are effectual in commanding some symptoms of Dementia, the side effects can be highly damaging to the patients overall well-being. Dementia inflicts fiscal battles on the NHS and for persons and households enduring with Dementia ; nevertheless non adequate money is traveling towards research into Dementia, this is an country that needs to be addressed. From research, I have found The Alzheimer’s Society offers a huge sum of information and support to those with Dementia and their households and carers ; every bit good as offering advice for wellness attention professionals. It is clear to see that the chief intervention that can be given to those with Dementia is love, attention and support. Brodie Smart Word Count: 1,858 Bibliography of Internet Resources: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/conditions/dementia-guide/pages/about-dementia.aspx hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/Conditions/dementia-guide/Pages/dementia-diagnosis.aspx hypertext transfer protocol: //www.alzheimers.org.uk/braintour hypertext transfer protocol: //www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm? pg=headct hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/Conditions/dementia-guide/Pages/dementia-diagnosis-tests.aspx hypertext transfer protocol: //www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php? documentID=100 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.intmath.com/blog/learning/use-it-or-lose-it-5411 encephalon movie hypertext transfer protocol: //www.alz.org/braintour/alzheimers_changes.asp hypertext transfer protocol: //www.slideshare.net/Emergency-Live/as-downloadable-infographics -cost hypertext transfer protocol: //www.guysandstthomas.nhs.uk/education-and-training/staff-training/Barbaras-story.aspx hypertext transfer protocol: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=DtA2sMAjU_Y hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lse.ac.uk/newsAndMedia/news/archives/2014/09/Dementia.aspx hypertext transfer protocol: //www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php? documentID=102 hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcholinesterase_inhibitor hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/conditions/dementia-guide/pages/dementia-treatment.aspx hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/Conditions/dementia-guide/Pages/living-well-with-dementia.aspx hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memantine hypertext transfer protocol: //www.alzheimerswiltshire.org.uk/services/singing/singing-for-the-brain.html Brodie Smart

St Aubin and The Railway Essay Example

St Aubin and The Railway Essay Example St Aubin and The Railway Essay St Aubin and The Railway Essay A visit to the site at St Aubin is helpful to explain why there is no longer a railway at St Aubin because when you are there you can see that the rails have been taken up. Also the tunnel that was used to run the train through to avoid the train running around the sharp corner had now been blocked off by a blast wall so that a train could no longer go through there. It was built during the German Occupation so that a train couldnt be run through into the tunnel, this is because the Germans used it for storage of a variety of things and they would not want anyone else to be able to get in. The visit however is not useful to answer a few questions, such as how much destruction the fire caused. Also it doesnt show the difference in the railways used, between the JR T tracks and the German tracks.Source A shows me the building that used to be used as the terminus and other things such as a hotel and a place to stay for people travelling. From Source A you can see that the building used to have things such as signs on it saying Venus Soap, Billiard Room, Reading Room and Terminus Hotel. These were all things to draw attention to the building and for people to use the services it provided. Looking at the building today however, you can see that all those signs are gone and it is now used as a police station. Now it has signs such as Police and Saille Paroissiale De Saint Brelade. This straight away tells us that the building now has a new use, but even it was no longer used as a police station it would be difficult to turn it back into a terminus due to the fact that the outside of the building has been pedestrianised. It now has seats and boulders outside of it, which would not be suitable for outside a railway terminus. Another thing we can see is that part of the original building has been extended.Source B shows us the inside of the station, before the removal of the old station roof in 1921. Looking at Source B I can see railway tracks on either side of the inside of the building, and platforms either side for passengers to wait for boarding the train. Also inside this area there were shops for people to purchase things while they were waiting. Looking at the same area today, you can see that it has now been tarmacced over and part of it turned into a car park.Source C shows us tables showing the revenue of the Jersey Railways Company, Limited and the Jersey Railways Tramways Limited. These tables show us that from 1925 which was the most successful year for them the profit began declining until 1935 where it went up slightly again. The reason for making a bit of a comeback was because after October 1931, the St Aubin to Corbiere section was closed between October and April inclusive. Also the company was receiving sums of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1,700 and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2,100 in 1935 and 1936 respectively due to interchangeable tickets from the J.M.T. In addition to these factors, the entire railway was closed from 1st December 1932 to 30th April 1933, and also in extra winters between October and April (inclusive).Source D is an extract from German Occupation Railways in Jersey by N.R.P.Bonsor. It tells us that there was a blast wall built at the eastern end of the old JR T tunnel at St Aubin as protection for the extensive galleries that were being excavated. It tells us that due to the blast wall being there, it was impossible for a line to go through the tunnel, so the railway then led up to the opening of the tunnel in 1898. This gives us a reason as to why the railway no longer exists, because of the blast wall being in the way. If the German railways, and the existing J.R. T. Railways have different sized tracks, then that would be another reason why the railway no longer exists. In addition, after a visit to the site, we can see that the lines are still laid inside the tunnel, this is because they were embedded in concrete and therefore never removed. This could be a reason why the railway could be reopened, because since the line still exists within the tunnel, after the blast wall was removed, there would be line already laid to continue with.Immediately after the station fire in October 1936, the chief fire officer, J.Remphrey said, Theories as to the cause? I have none. It is very difficult to arrive at the cause of the fire, especially when the stating point is so completely destroyed as in this case. J Remphrey was the chief fire officer when the fire broke out at St Aubin, destroying the station. We arent told much about him, but because he is a fire officer, he is probably quite a reliable source of information. However he could have been lying for the owner of the station, to avoid the owner going to prison.Source 1 (Extract from the J.E.P. for Monday 19th October 1936.)A scene of desolation greeted me when I visited the spot yesterday morning, writes an E.P. reporter. The firemen, weary and smoke stained, were still on duty, and a curious crowd of sightseers stood around. Smoke and blackened shop fronts with the windows smashed and heaps of rubble where the rooms used to be, stared back at them. Inside the station, charred timbers, heaps of broken glass and ashes, the gaunt metal skeletons of railway carriages and twisted iron girders bore mute testimony to the fierceness of the blaze We walked along the new wing and open doors revealed how tongues of flame had licked in and charred the contents; a few feet away the corridor came to an abrupt end, the floor boards sagged dejectedly into nothingness, the gable had collapsed into the railway siding below. Seven rooms had also completely disappeared and a couple more were gutted of their contentsSource 1 describes the scene of the morning after the fire at the station. The source can be trusted, as it was in the JEP, which would be trying to bring news to people. However, the story would almost certainly have been exaggerated to make it more of an interesting read, for this reason this source is more likely to be untrustworthy than not.Source 2 (Interview with Mr C.Chapman, taken from the J.E.P. for Monday 19th October 1936. Mr Chapman raised the alarm about the fire.)I would like you to emphasis the fact that the public telephone was not available, as it was locked up in the station; had I been able to get to the phone I could have got the brigade at least 15-20 minutes earlier.When the brigade arrived I did my best to help and was there until 5 Oclock in the morning.Source 2 shows us an extract from an interview with the person who raised the alarm, the interview was published in the JEP. This source is possibly reliable, as Mr Chapman could have been shocked from the experience, and therefore not in a suitable state for glorifying his story. However, this person was obviously right there at the scene, at the time of the fire, and took up to 20 minutes to raise the alarm. The reasoning for the delay was a lack of public telephone available, however this could have been purely a cover story, as he may have wanted the fire to burn for a bit before alerting anyone, to reduce the chances of the fire being extinguished before enough destruction was caused.Source 3 (Extract from the J.E.P. for Monday 19th October 1936)There was a rumour that the fire was caused by the electric supply. This can be defiantly ruled out, for I happen to know that the refrigerator was cut off from Mr Walters shop twelve months ago, and in any case the fire was on the opposite side of the shop from the electric wires. Officials of the Jersey Electricity Company confirmed that the current had been cut off for twelve months.Source 3 is an extract from the JEP ruling out that the fire was caused by the electric supply. This can probably be trusted as it was claimed to have been confirmed by the JEC, this wouldnt have been made up, as it would have been checked with the company. It still could have been made up however, as the person that confirmed the power cut off, could have been covering for someone within the JR T.Source 4 (Extract from the J.E.P. for Monday 19th October 1936)Mr E.G.Walters, in whose shop the fire started, told the E.P. man everything was safe when he locked up at 10:30 on Saturday night. I am at a complete loss to imagine how the fire originated, he said He left thirty-eight shillings in change in the shop and all that was found yesterday were a couple of coppers.Source 4 is written by a man who owned a shop near the station. He locked up at 10.30 and everything was safe, and he fails to see how the fire can have started. He has also lost some money due to the fire. This evidence is probably reliable, as it is someone who seems to have been away from the scene at the time, and has actually lost something because of the fire.Source 5 (Extract from the J.E.P. for Tuesday 20th October 1936)Was the disastrous fire which destroyed St Aubins railway station, 5 lock-up shops, 15 railway coaches, a wing of the Terminus hotel, caused inadvertently by a burglar who had broken into the butchers shop tenanted by Mr Walters, between 11:30 PM on Saturday and 1:30 AM on Sunday? (The time when the fire was discovered)Such is the somewhat startling question which St Brelades police are asking themselves.Enquiries made by an E.P. reporter today show that certain facts have come into the possession of the police which lend colour to the theory that the shop was entered at some time during the period stated, and that the fire was started, probably accidentally, by the intruder.The police are, we understand, in possession of at least one clue which may lead to very sensational developments in the near future. Investigations along these lines are now proceeding.Source 5 tells us what the police think happened to cause the fire. It is written two days after the night of the fire. If is almost certain that, if unreliable, it is unintentionally so. It is a police statement, therefore is probably true as they know it. It is still however possibly unreliable since it is just the polices theory.Source 6 Extract from an interview with Mr Walter Rowe, published in The Islander magazine in October 1982. Mr Rowe had worked on the railway as a platelayer, responsible along with a number of others for the maintenance of the track.It was started deliberately. You could see where they poured the petrol. Even the sleepers were all burntwe all knew about it, we had to clean it up ourselvesThat night all wentIt was put to light. Nobody took any notice of it, he told us, because they wanted the railways closed. Mr Rowe was convinced that Jersey Railways and Tram ways knew that the fire was arson.Source 6 is what Mr Rowe says about how the fire was caused. Mr Rowe worked on the railway laying plates. He says that he saw where whoever caused it poured the petrol onto the tracks. He is also with the belief that JR T knew the fire was arson. This source could be reliable because he wouldnt be lying for the company, as he would have lost his job over it. However he could be making the company look worse, because he is annoyed at losing his job.Source 7 (extract from a letter written by Mr R.W.Le Sueur to the Humanities Department of Les Quennevais school on March 7 1987 after the Humanities Department had put a notice in the Evening Post asking for information about the fire)Whilst I never heard any suggestion of arson there can be no doubt that the directors must have felt that the gods had been kind to them when the fire broke out on a Saturday night which destroyed, not only most of the building but virtually the entire rolling stock, long l ines of ancient wooden carriages as well as more modern steel railcarsThe company collected the insurance money, sold off one or two steam locomotives which had survived and the rails would also have fetched something for scrapSource 7 is from a letter written by Mr R.W.Le Sueur after requesting information about the fire. It tells that there was no suggestion of arson, however there are factors involve which make arson seem likely. There is nothing really to suggest that this source is unreliable, as it is written so long after the events in question.Source 8 (extract from the St Helier Fire Brigades Annual Report for 1937. the Fire Brigades annual reports were all rewritten in the 1980s by Dennis Holmes as the original reports were destroyed in a fire at the Fire Station)The cause of the outbreak has not been established with any certainty except for the certainty that it started within the butchers shop.Source 8 is from a fire brigade report, and it tells us how it is not certain how it started, except for that it is confidently believed to have started in the butchers shop. It would seem to be reliable, as it is a fire brigade report, however since it has been rewritten due to a fire, it is not so reliable as the full content of the report may have been forgotten.In conclusion, I cannot reach a definitive answer as to why the JR T no longer exist, however I could suggest that by visiting the site, I can see that the station was quite large. This suggests that the amount of damage caused by the fire must have been quite large as well. Huge destruction would also reduce the will to want to rebuild the railway. People may be afraid that something similar could happen again, if it had been a small station that got destroyed, it could have easily have been replaced, and the Jersey Railways and Tramways could still have been around today. Then again the problem of the blast wall covering the tunnel is another reason why not to reopen the railway. The fact that the rails were different sizes could have been a factor back at the time of the fire, but now that most the rails have been taken up, this would no longer be much of a problem.

Purpose of Criminal Laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Purpose of Criminal Laws - Essay Example For example, a child that fails to clean their room would receive â€Å"punishment† in the form of extra chores or loss of other things they normally enjoy. For criminal law, it is no different, except that the consequences of their actions involve a loss of privilege on a greater scale, such as by imprisonment or fines (Banks, 2009). Again, if there were no punishments, there would be no reason not to commit crimes; therefore, some type of consequences must be handed out. Criminal laws seek to set consequences for and punish those that have carried out a crime by means of deterrence, as well as incapacitation, incarceration, restitution, and retribution. People are â€Å"deterred† from actions when they refrain from carrying them out because they fear or do not want the consequences that come with the action (Banks, 2009). Criminal laws aids in this because they not only define what the laws are that cannot be broken but also set out the punishment that each law brings with it. In a state with a death penalty, for example, if someone does not wish to be punished by death, they will not commit a crime that leads them down that path. Thus, the criminal laws have done their job both in setting out the action and the punishment for it, because it has kept people from committing crimes due to the consequences imposed. Though some question the validity of deterrence and call for stiffer penalties in certain laws (Banks, 2009), the fact remains that deterrence is a reason that criminal laws exist. Another reason that criminal laws exist is retribution. Simply put, retribution means that whoever has gone against the laws of society deserves to be punished, and it will bring a measure of peace, if not pleasure, to those that were wronged to see punishment happen. Systems of retribution for crime have long existed, with the best known being the Biblical proverb of â€Å"an eye for an eye† (Banks, 2009). While retribution is known to be confused with revenge, it has been pointed out in law and in argument that the difference between the two is very defined: retribution involves limits set according to the seriousness of the wrongs done to society, whereas there is no limit to revenge (Banks, 2009). Take again the case of the criminal who chooses to murder and take a life in a state that has the death penalty. If convicted, they will pay with their own life through execution. One cannot argue that this is, in fact, an example of â€Å"an eye for an eye† logic in punishing someone who has done wrong. Criminal laws also exist to provide incapacitation and incarceration measures for those that choose to go against the laws of society. Incapacitation is a theory of â€Å"incarceration†, arguing that some criminals need to be separated from society not only for what they might have done but also to protect those who have not done wrong from this individual. It is seen as a good punishment for those that commit crimes be cause while they are incapacitated, or incarcerated